Tuesday, 25 October 2016

No 155: It is called SPACE for a reason….

I am not a real man. I can’t fix shelves, I don’t know (or care) how the combustion engine works, and I have no opinion on the best driving route from Basingstoke to Cheltenham on a Sunday afternoon. I have long been content to lack these  masculine traits. However, sometimes just sometimes my failings come back to haunt me. As the Assistant Scout Leader for my local troop I was recently asked to lead some badge work. I find backwoods survival skills frustrating (‘just use a match!’) and I am hopeless at anything that requires hand/eye coordination (such as archery). This significantly narrows my field of badges.

Earlier this year I had successfully enthralled the troop with my one party piece: a session on water and wastewater treatment (see Notes 123 and 124). Unfortunately the troop foolishly concluded this meant I possessed hidden depths of knowledge. My protestations to the contrary were seen as modesty. If only they knew the truth. Mrs Clark could have told them just how useless I am.

Faced with the challenge of finding something that would engage and educate yet not be too practical I eventually decided upon the Astronomy badge. Over the course of the next 5 weeks I will attempt to engage twenty-five 10 – 14 year olds in the majesty of the universe. Week 1 went surprisingly well.

In order to see how much the children knew already I invited each patrol to act out how the sun, earth and moon interact with each other. With the possible exception of when the Earth kicked the Moon because his flailing arms were getting too close, their basic level of knowledge was higher than I had expected. They could even name all the planets (obligatory schoolboy laughter at Uranus). Perhaps most worrying was when I asked the other three other leaders to act out the ‘right answer’. They ended up in a confused huddle in the corner of the room. On the plus side between them they could cook a delicious three course meal in the Arctic with just two pieces of wood and a bag of broccoli.  

Next, using a football (200mm diameter) as the sun, I got the scouts to select from an array of smaller spherical objects (ping pong balls, tennis balls, etc) those which they felt best represented each of the planets in our solar system. As expected everyone chose objects too large. There was a lovely jaw drop moment when I revealed that, on this scale, the earth was just a tiny bead (2mm across) and our biggest planet, Jupiter, was nothing more than a small cherry tomato (16mm in diameter).

My final exercise was to give them a sense of the massive distances across space. Taking turns each child placed the Bead Earth and the Tomato Jupiter at appropriate distances from our Football Sun. With each attempt I confirmed if they were better or worse than the previous guess. Inevitably we ended up outside. With our football sun balanced precariously on the gate we started walking up the road. At 21 meters we positioned our Earth in orbit. It was another 185m before the Cherry Tomato was finally positioned correctly. Had we wanted to place Neptune it would have involved another half kilometre of walking. Our solar system really is huge.

As a final question I asked the scouts where, on this scale, would our next nearest star (Alpha Centuri) be? The guesses came thick and fast. In the High Street? By the train station? Eventually one of the more exuberant children who has a natural tendency to misbehave and is invariably being chastised for being disruptive, chirped up with the biggest distance he could imagine: FINLAND! Imagine his delight at learning he was the nearest. On the scale where our sun is a football, Alpha Centuri would be 5200km away.

Next week: Telescopes!

These Notes and previous editions can be found at http://notesfrompiers.blogspot.co.uk/

Monday, 10 October 2016

No 154: Today I was a Moroccan research scientist. Tomorrow I will be a Spaniard.


Late last Friday my phone rang. It was my good friend Frank Rogalla, Head of Innovation at Aqualia in Spain. He sounded agitated.  ‘Are you going to the IWA Congress in Brisbane next week? Can you do me a favour?’ As it happens I was just boarding a plane in SE Asia for Australia where I was scheduled to spend a couple of days at the Congress. ‘Of course’ I replied, somewhat foolishly.

Frank is the leading a glorious research project investigating whether it is possible generate energy from wastewater by growing microalgae and then feeding the harvested algae into an anaerobic digester. The project started in the laboratory back in 2010, has worked its way through pilot and prototype testing, and there is now a 2 hectare demonstration scale site, complete with a 2300m3 digester, being constructed in Southern Spain.

It is a fantastic project, involving Aqualia (Spain), the Univ of Southampton (UK), the Fraunhofer Institute (Germany), BDI (Austria), Hygear (the Netherlands) and, slightly left field, Volkswagen (Germany). Two papers were due to be presented at the IWA Congress but for various last-minute reasons neither speaker could make it. Could I, Frank asked, step in and help?

Now what I know about algae can be written on the back of a matchbox. Or rather, what I knew about algae last Friday could be written on a matchbox. A crash course over the weekend (what else would one want to do when faced with a sunny weekend in beautiful Brisbane?), combined with a couple of calls with Frank brought my knowledge to a level where I felt I might just about do justice to the hard work done by others and (perhaps more importantly) not look a complete fool.

My back up plan, much like the one I use every day, was to resort to egotistical showmanship if things got a bit sticky.

So today I was Dr Zouhayr Arbib, a distinguished Moroccan research scientist. I presented his work, which shows that you can indeed generate lots of energy using their method. Rather than consuming 0.5kw of power to treat a m3 of sewage you can generate 3kw. That is truly impressive. I wallowed in the glory that came from the audience and even managed to field the (8!) questions, subtly choosing to talk about the biogas generation part of the project (which I know and understand) rather than the algae harvesting (which I don’t).

Tomorrow I will be Dr Ignacio de Godas and I will be presenting his work. I am particularly looking forward to explaining the slide that has the following equation on it:

My back-up strategy may need to be more refined than that of today. Adopting a bit of distracting showmanship isn’t going to be enough. Instead I shall assume a strong Spanish accent, possibly with a Catalonian lisp. I will be fiery and passionate and act in accordance with such a sweepingly Mediterranean stereotype that no one will dare ask me anything difficult. Wish me luck.